Demostrativo/ Demonstrative

When a demonstrative adjective (DA) functions as a noun, it is called a demonstrative pronoun (DP).

DA and DP are used to indicate distance or proximity in space or in time.

1. Adjetivos demostrativos/ Demonstrative adjectives

2. Pronombres demostrativos/ Demonstrative pronouns

3. Formas neutras/ Neuter forms

ADJETIVOS DEMOSTRATIVOS/ Demonstrative adjectives (DA)

DA point out nouns, such as people, places, or things. DA are more specific than definite or indefinite articles.

Dem. Adjectives	Gender	Singular	Plural
this/ these	Masculine	este	estos
	Feminine	esta	estas
that/ those (nearby)	Masculine	ese	esos
	Feminine	esa	esas
that/ those (far away)	Masculine	aquel	aquellos
	Feminine	aquella	aquellas

EXAMPLES:

• El auto/ the car
• Un auto/ a car
• Este auto/ this car

 

NOTE: As shown in the above examples, DA agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, and DA precede the nouns.

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ESTE and all its forms indicate proximity to the speaker.

• Este sobre está abierto./ This envelope is open.

 

LESSONS: Marketing I & Marketing Ia

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ESE and all its forms indicate proximity to the listener.

• Esa flor (que tú tienes) es linda./ That flower (that you are holding) is pretty.

 

LESSONS: Marketing II & Marketing IIa

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AQUEL and all its forms indicate distance from both the speaker and the listener or far away from the speaker.

• Aquel árbol (a dos cuadras) es verde./ That tree (two blocks away) is green.

 

LESSONS: Marketing III & Marketing IIIa

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PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS/ Demonstrative pronouns (DP)

DP replace a noun. They have the same form as DA, but they have written accents that distinguish them from DA.

Dem. Pronouns	Gender	Singular	Plural
this/ these	Masculine	éste	éstos
	Feminine	ésta	éstas
that/ those (nearby)	Masculine	ése	ésos
	Feminine	ésa	ésas
that/ those (far away)	Masculine	aquél	aquéllos
	Feminine	aquélla	aquéllas

 

EXAMPLES:

• Esta casa es vieja, pero ésa es moderna/ This house is old, but that one is modern.
• Esos árboles son bajos pero éstos son altos/ Those trees are short, but these are tall.

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ÉSTE and all its forms replace the latter noun in a sentence. Aquél and all its forms replace the former noun.

EXAMPLE:

• Chivas es más añejo que J.Walker. Éste es de 4 años. Aquél es de 7 años./ Chivas has been aged longer than J.Walker. This is 4 years old. That is 7 years old. (Éste refers to J. Walker; Aquél refers to Chivas)

 

NOTE: DP also agree in gender and number.

LESSONS: Marketing IV & Marketing IVa

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FORMAS NEUTRAS/ Neuter forms

There are 3 neuter DP, ésto, éso and aquéllo. They are used to refer to abstract ideas, concepts, or situations, and unidentified or undetermined objects.

EXAMPLES:

• Pregunta ésto al profesor./ Ask about this (matter) to the professor.
• Éso es imposible./ That is impossible.
• Aquéllo es mínimo. Ésto es mejor./ That is minimal. This is better.

 

LESSONS: Marketing V & Marketing Va

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